Christchurch sits between two rivers — the Avon and the Stour — and research indicates it began as an early Saxon settlement. It was originally known as Tweoxneam Twynham from Old English meaning between two rivers.
The town has two entries in the Domesday Book. The name we know the town by today came into use after a church was built there in the 11 th century.
It was around the Normans established a priory. A leper hostel is also known to have existed. During the Middle Ages Christchurch saw a castle built, the introduction of a weekly market and an annual fair.
Its geographical advantages also made it a viable fishing port. The town suffered during the Civil War when, like so many others, the castle was demolished in But the economy improved again in the s. One of the signs of this prosperity was the increase in the number of public buildings in the city. The first of these buildings was the Canterbury Museum , designed by Benjamin Mountfort and built in The Director of the museum was the geologist Julius Von Haast , who had used the discovery of a large number of moa bones in a swamp in Glenmark to swap moa skeletons for specimens from museums throughout the world.
Canterbury College of the University of New Zealand moved into new buildings opposite the Museum in The city still did not have its cathedral. The foundation stone had been laid in , and the foundations finished in before the money ran out. Others followed his example and by the building had started again. The increase in the number of people living in the city led to serious public health problems. From there were epidemics of diptheria and whooping cough every year, and in the typhoid epidemic of people died in Christchurch.
These diseases are all diseases of poverty - poor food and unhealthy living conditions. Christchurch in was a polluted city. It had a good supply of artesian water from huge reserves of water deep under the city, but the waste of the city ran into the Avon and Heathcote rivers.
Kitchen waste and chamber pots were emptied into channels running along the sides of the streets, and manure from the animals that provided the transport in the city just added to the problem.
A system of drains was needed but the iron pipes had to come from overseas and were expensive. Christchurch had to wait until the s for an underground sewerage system, but it was the first city in New Zealand to have one. In November the different provincial councils throughout New Zealand were replaced by a system of town boards, boroughs, road and harbour boards.
Canterbury had been one of the more successful provinces. By the city of Christchurch had a population of over 12, in the central city and another 10, in the suburbs. Skip to main navigation Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to search Skip to content. Use current location. See all locations. Admin Admin Admin, collapsed. Main navigation What's On. Open search form. Enter search query Clear Text. Saved Searches Advanced Search. Join About About, collapsed About.
What's On. Dullatur, a house built in by Archdeacon James Wilson on what is now the site of Waltham Park [ca. The first European settlements Captain William Rhodes first visited in New arrivals In December Captain Joseph Thomas , a surveyor, was sent to Canterbury to choose a site for the Canterbury settlement, and prepare for the first settlers.
Settling in Port Lyttelton, showing the first four ships and emigrants landing from the Cressy [28 Dec. Gradually the new arrivals moved over the Port Hills to Christchurch, and the town there grew. February First bridge across the Avon a footbridge at Worcester Street. May Ferrymead ferry service begins. November White Hart opens - first hotel.
Building began in , and the system started pumping in New Christchurch railway station opened. A railway line now extended north to Amberley. By it had reached Dunedin in the south. Lancaster Park opened in An earthquake damaged the spire of the not yet completed cathedral.
The city boasts many parks, rivers and a typically English-style layout of central square and parallel streets running north to south and east to west. Christchurch is the basecamp for South Island exploration, with the Banks Peninsula within reach, as well as the stunning Southern Alps and famed Canterbury Plains. The surrounding Canterbury region offers visitors unforgettable journeys and picturesque towns, zen-like retreats and thrill-seeking opportunities.
Their settlement, known as Canterbury, was renamed for Christ Church, Oxford, the college Godley had attended. Proclaimed a city in and made a borough in , Christchurch was expanded in , and it is now the most populous city on South Island and the second largest city after Auckland in New Zealand. The area administered by the Christchurch City Council has a population of , June , making it the second-largest in New Zealand, and the largest city in the South Island. The Christchurch urban area at , is the third-largest in the country by population, after Auckland and Wellington.
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